The caseworker, while assessing, should understand the hazardous event (a specific stress producing event), the subjective reaction (termed as vulnerable state also) of the individual or family to the event, nature of precipitating factors which heighten the tension or worsen the situation for the client, the state of active crisis (the subjective condition like psychological and physical turmoil and disturbance of intellectual functioning and of mood, etc., in the individual when his homeostatic mechanisms have become non-operative and disequilibrium, has occurred) and finally also how disequilibrium in earlier crisis situations subsided and with what advantage and disadvantage to the client in terms of learning new coping devices. Many a time, the client does not understand/realise that his behaviour is not conducive to his proper social functioning (i.e., it is ego-dystonic or ego-alien behaviour) and that he should change his pattern of behaviour so that it really becomes ego-syntonic, i.e., conducive to his development. Similarly, his unrealistic beliefs about caste, religion, etc., may also distort his perception and lead him to behave in socially unacceptable or undesirable way apart from inviting troubles from various quarters. It is a continued expression of goodwill or positive concern towards the client. Where full awareness is present, this often occurs without any specific prompting as the client becomes more secure with the worker in response to a sustaining approach. Utilizing the right case management documentation software can remove a lot of the guesswork and room for error from the equation. Treatment plans are clearly related to certain objectives. Join more than 2,000 growing happy clients. The husband also attended a couple of individual sessions to work on stress management. It must be emphasised that this conceptualisation of psycho-social study as a separate process is artificial and is used only to clarify and define the different types of activities involved in helping process. With the “population at risk”, public health approach, i.e., primary, secondary and tertiary intervention is advisable. Follow-up is done to help the client maintain the improvement. This is based on Freudian concepts, according to which childhood experiences have permanent effect on personality functioning. Apricot’s reporting platform allows you to create and share reports securely within the system. While it may sometimes feel like case management documentation and thorough notations can draw you away from the important work you do when you are face-to-face with clients, maintaining detailed records can have a significant impact on the long-term success of both your organization and the individuals it serves. To what extent do political forces have a bearing on the problem? This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. What is the system’s previous problem- solving history? What bearing do these have on communication patterns, decisions making, and on attitudes and behaviours of the client. For ease of writing the Professional Counsellor is abbreviated to “C”. 4. One of the important problems not infrequently faced by social caseworkers in practice is to help a client lacking in motivation or exhibiting resistance to seek help. The person-in-his-situation can be understood and described from dynamic, etiological and clinical angles. In any case, facts are needed to plan the intervention (treatment). The etiological diagnosis tries to delineate the causes and development of the presenting difficulty which may lie in the life situation or/and in the client’s personality. Before publishing your articles on this site, please read the following pages: 1. The client was presented with the complaints of stealing (i) The stage of the problem at which the person, through whom, and the reasons because of which, comes to this agency; (ii) The nature of request and its relation to his problem, and the cause of his problem, as the client sees; (iii) Does the request relate directly to his needs/problems; (iv) His adjustment to his social functions in job, family, etc. During one or two skillfully conducted interviews with the would-be client, the caseworker (sometimes called as intake worker) is able to assess (i) what are the needs/problems of applicant person, and (ii) how and where his needs can be best met. worker’s personal skill in self awareness, dedication to personal congruence and the projection of positive attitudes is as significant in helping clients as the methods that are used.1[1] When the basic case management skills and values are demonstrated, case managers are able to accomplish the tasks needed to be successful. One can see the whole and its parts in relation to each other. What are the influences, here, of cultural and sub-cultural background, and life aspirations? What elements do you think have contributed to making these periods the most happy ones? Earlier misconceptions or distorted generalisations get confirmed or reinforced by later experiences. Principles constantly guide the activities of the caseworker. These points have been elaborated in the section on assessment (diagnosis) to follow. It gives the client an opportunity to clarify the problem in its various aspects, permits him to air his feelings about his situation, and gives him a satisfaction that genuine efforts are being made to help him. Unconscious matters revealed through dreams etc., are utilised though no attempt is made to uncover this part of the mind. Intervention starts from the first contact with the client who seeks to solve his problems with the help of a social caseworker. (6) Have you children? Observe shifts or changes in relation to problem. Assess the client’s motivation and capacity to use help. Have you ever really solved the problem that made you so angry or does it continue to recur? Goals are different from wants. In this procedure also, positive reinforcers for a particular behaviour pattern are to be located and handled. Intake procedures are not followed in formal way in most of the welfare agencies. Apricot allows you to easily track volunteers as well as clients. “for Mr. X getting well means being able to stop losing his temper and shouting at his children, for Mr. Y, it means feeling a lot more cheerful and active most of the time, and for Mr. Z it means being able to feel relaxed and happy without alcohol”. These approaches can be used as supplementary to each other. This phase requires a very skillful probing into the client’s problem, mopping up all the relevant areas of the person-in-his-situation. A lot of literature has, in the last decade, emerged on evaluation of welfare services. Include your name i.e. Philip developed PTSD and comorbid major depression following a traffic accident. To what extent does the newness or the long existence of an organisation have a bearing on the flexibility or rigidity of the organisation? (2) Quick decisions and actions in the role of advocate and activists are called for. (7) What do you like about your father and mother? Work is done with the people significant for his improved social functioning. Case notes are a struggle for most social workers and therapists. Occasionally, a direct unqualified interpretation is helpful, but for this the worker should be very sure of his ground. The caseworker should be conscious in all such situations and direct the interviews accordingly. It also includes what has been done about the problem. Such systems, if any existing in the community to handle crisis situations, need to be strengthened. Reflective Discussion of the Current Person-Situation Configuration: As stated earlier, the psycho-social therapy views man in his situation and tries to understand the total man, i.e., inseparable from his environment. No technique of psycho-analysis to understand unconscious is used. About what, have you felt most fear or anxiety during these periods? Interviews are conducted with emphasis on knowing the client, his situation and the nature of their interaction and not as question-answer session. At times, the client may be truly unaware of his feelings because they are not part of his conscious thoughts. In practice, psycho-social study is carried out simultaneously with assessment and intervention. It is also important to re-emphasise that the treatment plans are always conditioned by the age, health, culture, mores, values, opportunities, agency policy and community as well as broad societal forces. ; (3) In family and child welfare settings, family feuds and violence, desertion by one spouse, sudden stoppage of income, immoral sex, pregnancy of an unmarried daughter, rape, running away of son/daughter, unexpected big expenditure etc., and. What improvements would you like to make in your treatment of your wife/husband? Intervention (treatment/execution/action) is the fourth step in the social casework process after study (fact-finding), diagnosis (assessment) and planning for action, which aims at restoring, maintaining or enhancing social functioning of an individual in need of help. Techniques used in sustaining process to maintain his/her current social functioning and interest in casework treatment are conveying acceptance, reassurance and encouragement. Both long-range and immediate objectives relate to and are an outgrowth of the dynamic understanding of the case. File copies should be kept by the counselor and one sent to the Director’s Office to be retained for three (3) years in a file separate from the member’s file for future reference. This is not done from research point of view, because of which we do not use any rating scale etc. (I will prefer to use the word ‘study’ because it communicates the real and complete nature of activities undertaken during this phase). The purpose of evaluation, as a process of casework, is to see if our efforts are yielding any result or not, if the techniques used are serving the purpose, and if the goals are being achieved. Is their satisfaction creating anxiety in client? These impelling forces may be either negative or positive. Motives are the goals or objectives which we choose to pursue for our welfare and happiness. If you don't see View reports, it is not available on your system. In many situations, some of these techniques may be considered either as unsuitable or undesirable. Tie together the significant factors in cause-effect relationship as seen from history. To what degree? Specify short and long range goals. For small nonprofits that want efficient reporting capabilities and focus their time on one or very few programs. Objectives set should be specific, realistic and achievable within the time limit. To restore or improve social functioning and increase capacity for self-direction; 2. Apricot is hosted on a best-in-class Amazon Web Services (AWS) environment so your data is secure, backed up, and compliant. Social work case management is a process of linking clients to services that enhance their functional capacity, from assessment to comprehensive intervention for equitable client care. One should not permit ventilation when it is used as a defense mechanism to avoid further exploration. 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