The following guide will be updated periodically with hyperlinks to excellent resources. According to the latter argument, decision makers will initiate an irredentist conflict to divert the attention of their population from domestic problems. 7. Under modern usage of the term, in many cases, an irredentist movement is referred to as creating a “Greater X,” with the “X” being the name of a country or state—for example, the quest for a Greater Serbia was in part responsible for the Wars of Yugoslav Succession during the 1990s, and the Greater Romania project (România Mare) was partially responsible for Romania’s siding with the Axis powers during World War II. Domestic-level explanations also come in two forms: demographics and regime type. Nonetheless, five explanatory categories can be identified: structural, realist, rational choice, domestic, and constructivist. When applied to the issue of irredentism, two arguments emerge. outside or beyond the authority of one national government, as a project or policy that is planned and controlled by a group of nations. Operational Boundary Dispute 6. During the early years of the Wars of Yugoslav Succession, the international community did little other than rhetorical condemnation to stop Croatia’s and Serbia’s irredentist projects. The first asserts that the type of national identity that is dominant in a particular state or country will influence the degree to which it will become irredentist: An ethnic identity emphasizes the unity of the culturally based country across political boundaries and lends itself to the promotion of altering borders to realize a physical union of the country; a civic national identity is political in nature, usually tied to a preexisting state, and is therefore more easily limited to status quo boundaries. Elongated state 9. The continued discord between countries and states means that the potential for irredentist wars remains serious. The more tolerant they are, the more an irredentist state can get away with; if they are less tolerant, then an irredentist state is forced to temper or restrict its policies. The second constructivist argument focuses on the ways in which the irredentist claims are justified in a society. The latter argument takes the balance of power to a higher level by examining the degree to which relevant international actors (states or international organizations) acquiesce in or tolerate the policies of specific irredentist states. Know. The term was invented in the 1870s when the unification of Italy left some Italian people in places ruled by someone else. Prorupted state 10. In the first case, military weakness vis-à-vis the target state will force the irredentist country to relinquish its claims; in contrast, relative military strength will precipitate such a project. Save. Irredentism Irredentism is any position of a state advocating annexation of territories administered by another state on the grounds of common ethnicity or prior historical possession, actual or alleged. (1 point) A1. Irredentism is a political movement that is strongly tied to nationalism. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irredentism&oldid=6871302, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. interactive AP Human Geography TestWare® Section I T'ME 60 minutes 75 "^-choice questions *. For example, given the serious discordance between ethnicity and statehood in nearly all African states, it should not be surprising that the only substantial irredentist conflict was the one launched by ethnically homogeneous Somalia. Definition; State: ... irredentism : A movement to reunite a nation's homeland when part of it is contained within another state. Irredentism is a political and popular movement that claims, reclaims (usually on behalf of the corresponding nation), and seeks to occupy territory that the movement's members consider to be a "lost" (or "unredeemed") territory, based on history or even legend. Sovereignty 5. Cards In This Set Mackey's AP Human Geo Class. Two arguments fall under this rubric: elite conflict and diversionary theory. Irredentism is the desire of a state, or of some people in a state, for annexation of land that another state has. In some instances, states have gone so far as to incorporate irredentist claims directly into their constitution. A B; Political Geography: the study of the political organizations of the world: state: a politically organized territory with a permanent population, a defined territory, and a government The second explanation argues that democratic states are less likely to have irredentist-type conflicts between them because of increased institutional restraints on launching an irredentist project; enhanced protection for minority groups, which undermines the reasons for moving to protect one’s diaspora; membership or possible membership in international organizations that prohibit such claims (e.g., North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO] or the European Union); and the dynamics of democratic peace theory, in which democratic states tend to resolve their disputes peacefully. It is a political movement that intends to reunite a nation or reclaim a lost territory. A stateless nation is an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state and is not the majority population in any nation state. remaining cards. DEFINITION of 'Association of Southeast Asian Nations - ASEAN' An organization of countries in southeast Asia set up to promote cultural, economic and political development in the region. Fragmented state 8. However, despite the fact that many of these Russians were in territories contiguous to Russia itself, the association of the Russian Federation with the concept of rossiiski (civic) rather than russkii (ethnic) dampened the legitimacy of an irredentist project aimed at creating a Greater Russia in the 1990s. Irredentism, territorial claim based on a national, ethnic, or historical basis. This was a particularly powerful force in European history from 1850 to 1945, during the height of European nationalist fervor. AP Human Geography Chapter 6 (Religion) Vocabulary. Definition of irredentism : a political principle or policy directed toward the incorporation of irredentas within the boundaries of their historically or ethnically related political unit Other Words from irredentism Example Sentences Learn More about irredentism Other Words from irredentism The dramatic increase in irredentist conflicts during periods of major international upheaval and normative reordering is seen as important evidence in favour of this position. It is a general concept that may refer to the movement of human beings such as intraurban commuters or intercontinental migrants, but may also refer to traffic in goods such as raw … For example, the 1937 Irish constitution originally laid claim to the entire island of Ireland; this was changed, however, following the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, which called for devolved government in Northern Ireland. AP Human Geography: Political Patterns. The breadth of this definition’s scope—sometimes despite unclarities of the historical bounds of the putative nations or peoples—is subject to terminological disputes about any underlying claims of expansionism. However, once key states (particularly the United States) adopted a more robust stance, then both countries recognized the prewar borders of the Yugoslav republics. Excalve 12. ... Irredentism. Notable examples of irredentism include Nazi Germany’s claims on the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia; the “Megali Idea” that sought to create a Greater Greece; China’s desire to reincorporate the territories lost during periods of historical weakness; Somalia’s invasion of Ethiopia during the Ogaden War of 1977–78; the attempt by Hungary to reverse the 1920 Treaty of Trianon and reclaim territories in Slovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia during World War II; and the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the Armenian-populated Nagorno-Karabakh region. Includes full solutions and score reporting. Define devolution. Semiautonomous definition is - largely self-governing within a larger political or organizational entity. Enclave 13. Prorupt State 9. It is often advocated by pan-nationalist movements and has been a repeated feature of identity politics, cultural and political geography. The movement of power from a central government to regional governments (or subnational governments) ... • irredentism • terrorism or violent conflict The reduction in tensions between Hungary, on the one hand, and Romania and Slovakia, on the other, was associated with the consolidation of democracy in these countries, whereas nearly all irredentist conflicts were initiated by authoritarian regimes. Physical features or barriers, such as mountains or bodies of water B4. Perforated state 11. An organized economy and circulation system ... How can a state demonstrate irredentism? The final explanation for irredentism is derived from the insights of constructivism, which holds generally that the social construction of ideas and concepts is instrumental in determining political outcomes. . Millions of ethnic Russians found themselves as minorities scattered throughout the former Soviet Union on its collapse. Professor of Political Science, North Dakota State University. The term irredentism is derived from the Italian word irredento (“unredeemed”). Distance between capital or core areas and the periphery B5. 27 terms. Manifest destiny: the belief that the U.S. would to … Human Population . AP Human Geography: Political Geography Vocab. a u n or trie following questions is followed by fivi gested answers or completions. AP Human Geography Exam. Definition phase in boundary process. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. answer choices . Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of a state? 3.5k plays . •Irredentism is a foreign policy in which a state advocates acquisition of foreign territory that either (1) was formerly part of the state, or (2) is the homeland of ethnic kinsmen. 20 Qs . However, these territories could also be considered “unredeemed,” and therefore, these cases can fall under the category of irredentism. Inequality, uneven economic development or differences in predominant economic activities Physical geography and territorial size B3. •Define the terms irredentism and devolution. City-state 3. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? Omissions? Define irredentism and devolution and illustrate with examples. AP Human Geography Unit IV: Political Organization of Space Key Terms/Concepts to Know 1. Given the complexity of irredentism, there likely are multiple and overlapping explanations for any particular case. Realist arguments emphasize the relative balance of power between the irredentist state in question and either the target state or the international community. The potential for irredentism can be reduced if this justification is somehow undermined, perhaps by reconceptualizing the country’s history, the physical boundaries of the country, or the place of the country in the international community. A2. English geographer and geopolitician who argued that physical and human geography should be treated as a single discipline. -A state is separated from it's neighbors by a boundary.-A boundary is an invisible line marking the extent of a states territory.-A compact state is a state that's distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly.-A prorupted state is an otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension.-An elongated state is a state with a long and narrow shape. 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