The smooth bark often invites carving, which defaces the beauty of the tree. The leaves average 2 to 5 inches in length and the same in width. At the base of a simple leaf stalk, on the tree's branch, is a bud. Its leaves are simple, alternate, 4 to 9 inches in length, and 2 to 4 inches in width. Pennsylvania has five different native hickory species. This publication was produced with support from the Pennsylvania Hardwoods Development Council, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. At first glance, a compound leaf looks like a group of simple leaves, but it is actually just a single leaf. "Hard maple" and "rock maple" are other common names for this tree. Grain: Light to very heavy patterns running  perpendicular to normal grain orientation, Machinability: Machine slowly to avoid grain chips. The distinctions between simple and compound leaves and their opposite or alternate arrangements may be confusing at first, but a little practice with actual trees should clarify these important concepts. On the branch, there is a bud at the base of the main leaf stalk. Store hours in the “green phase”: JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. People look at many different things to identify trees. Color and soft texture make this an interesting wood, not always readily available in thicker sizes. There is no bud at the base of a leaflet on a compound leaf. Density: Moderately hard and strong, not quite as strong as Hard Maple. It has been used for centuries to build windows, doors, fine furniture and wood flooring. All hickories produce a hard-shelled nut that is important as wildlife food. While leaf shape is often noticed first, leaf edges (smooth, toothed, jagged, or lobbed), and leaf texture (waxy, soft, rough, or hairy) are important identifying characteristics. 8’-12’). The fruit of American beech is a small three-sided "beechnut," often paired in a spinney husk. Written by Sanford S. Smith, natural resources and youth specialist, and James C. Finley, professor of forest resources. Carvings, some furniture, cabinets, excellent wall paneling. Mature trees have dark-colored bark with light-colored vertical furrows with dark, flat-topped ridges. Regardless of whether a hardwood species has simple or compound leaves, its leaves join to the branch of the tree in one of two arrangements. Common Uses: Carvings, some furniture, cabinets, excellent wall paneling, Your source for fine hardwood lumber, mouldings, paneling, flooring, and Ipe decking materials, Light tan to brown heartwood, sapwood,  sapwood is creamy white to gray, Very hard, shock resistant, and very dense, heavy, Moderately open grain on plain sawn, Quartered and Rift is straight grain. They have many (7 to 11) pointed lobes tipped with small, hairlike bristles. White ash has compound leaves oppositely arranged. White Oak: Color: Light tan to brown heartwood, sapwood, sapwood is creamy white to gray Density: Very hard, shock resistant, and very dense, heavy Grain: Moderately open grain on plain sawn, Quartered and Rift is straight grain Machinability: Fairly well, can be tough on tooling Finishing: Takes a finish well. Get notified when we have news, courses, or events of interest to you. Diverse bark patterns: Red maple is known for its many varied bark patterns at different ages and stages of growth. Moderately hard and strong, not quite as strong as Hard Maple. They turn yellow and later bronze in autumn. The first part is the blade. R & C Hard Wood Floors Inc is a Pennsylvania Domestic Business Corporation filed on October 19, 2005. The top 10 trees are red maple, black cherry, northern red oak, white oak, yellow poplar, sugar maple, chestnut oak, white ash, American beech, and hickory. This wood density chart gives you the wood density for woods of all types of trees. Will take finish well, use a sanding sealer. High end and period piece furniture, cabinets, interior millwork, musical instruments, paneling, flooring, Red to deep reddish brown heartwood, white to yellowish sapwood, Medium weight, moderately hard, stiff and strong. Hardwood trees lose their leaves each autumn. Sometimes called "rock oak" or "tanbark oak," chestnut oak grows widely on Pennsylvania's dry, rocky ridges. They examine leaves, flowers, bark, twigs, fruits, seeds, tree shape, wood characteristics, wood anatomy, chemicals, genetics, odors, and even flavors. The fruit is a long, egg-shaped acorn that is important to wildlife. It would be helpful to determine the density (hardness) technically. It makes fine flooring, tool handles, ladders, dowels, and sporting goods. For the hardest woods, you need to look for exotics, not domestics. What types of trees are hardwood and softwood? Ron Sutherland/Photolibrary Collection/Getty Images. Hickory bark varies by species. You are being redirected to the DCNR eLibrary. Sugar maple has light-gray bark, very tightly held on younger trees, and long, narrow bark flaps on older trees. The top leaflet is often, but not always, larger than the other leaflets. From contributor V: Takeshi Okuma, librarian at Camp Courtney, Okinawa, claims that the hardest wood in the world is Tiga, found in Sibuyan Island, Philippines. Yellow poplar grows very tall and straight. A Rainbow of Possibilities. They are often hairy underneath. By entering your email, you consent to receive communications from Penn State Extension. Compound leaves have a few more parts than simple leaves. The leaves are dark bluish green on top and light green underneath. The summer leaves are dark green above and whitish underneath (hence its name), while the autumn leaves are often yellow or purple. Sugar maple leaves have five pointed lobes with U-shaped sinuses between the lobes. Each species has unique cellular structure that creates differ- As many as 40 different bark patterns have been identified on red maples! cedar, ash, basswood, beech, birch, black walnut, butternut, cherry, curly cherry, curly About 90 percent of all the trees in Pennsylvania's forests are hardwoods, like those seen here changing to autumn colors. The name sugar maple refers to the maple products made from its sap. While the species-specific information below, along with the photos of each species and its wood, can help you learn these 10 trees, they are no substitute for actually observing living trees and real wood. While it is hard to work, it is suited for furniture, flooring, paneling, brush handles, ties, and food containers (because it has no odor or taste). They leave behind large, brown nuts often called “horse chestnuts.” Black Willow. Hardwood is wood from dicot trees.These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests. Distinctive Characteristics: Highly resistant to the  environment, very hard, may be a bit more color consistent than Red Oak. Distinctive Characteristics: Color and soft texture make this an interesting wood, not always readily available in thicker sizes. This curl is generally very apparent. The second part is the leaf stalk, which connects the blade to the tree's branch. Chestnut oak is a member of the white oak group. They all have large, compound, alternate leaves, with five to nine leaflets, depending on the species. It is commonly called a "helicopter" because of its spinning motion when falling. Pennsylvania's forests grow some of the most valuable hardwoods in the world. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for the best Hardwoods in Pittsburgh, PA. The company's filing status is listed as Active and its File Number is 1597163. Common Uses: High end furniture, cabinets, interior millwork, musical instruments, paneling, flooring, Other Names: American Black Cherry, Choke Cherry, Rum Cherry, Whiskey Cherry, Wild Cherry, Available in Certified: Check for availability, Density: Light in weight, not as strong as walnut, Machinability: Will machine easily, but has tendency to fuzz up at times. Its uniquely shaped leaves have a broad, squared-off base and a narrower V-notched tip. See All Pest, Disease and Weed Identification, See All Beer, Hard Cider, and Distilled Spirits, See All Community Planning and Engagement. Please ask about their availability! Each simple leaf has a bud at the base of the leaf stalk that supports a single blade. The current uses for the wood are similar to those of white oak. A hard, straight-grained wood, it varies in color from pale to reddish brown. Softwoods such as fir, pine, and hemlock rarely work well as flooring materials, except in a shop or utility area. Each leaf has four symmetrically paired pointed lobes. Ipé (pronounced ee-pay) is an almost magical South American hardwood.The Forest Service Products Laboratory gives ipé top marks for bug and rot resistance, and the wood is so hard, it's nearly as difficult to burn as concrete. Distinctive Characteristics: This curl is generally not as pronounced as Curly Maple. They have five to nine rounded lobes without bristles. When young, the tree has thin, reddish-brown bark with raised horizontal markings. There are many practical reasons for "knowing" trees, and mastering this skill builds appreciation for natural diversity. G. sanctum and G. oficinale. Comments: This light-colored wood is seen almost as frequently as oak, and is usually not stained a dark color, but is kept a natural whitish-cream or sometimes stained an amber-yellow.It’s commonplace in furniture, flooring, trim, and in places where a pale, light-colored wood … We are doing everything we can to provide you with the service you have become accustomed to over the years. Quartered and Rift sawn have a striking grain  appearance. Each leaflet has a small stalk that joins it to the leaf stalk, which joins to the tree's branch. While such keys usually deal with leaf characteristics, they are also available for tree bark, buds, fruits and cones. The biggest drawback is that hardwood trees don't have leaves year-round! The most durable flooring woods will be hardwoods such as oak, walnut, ebony, maple, ash, and pecan. Lobes are the divisions or "large bumps" in the shape of a leaf. White ash wood also makes fine furniture, paneling, flooring, doors, moldings, turnings, and cabinets. Hard Maple (Acer saccharum) 2. The tree's bark is rich in tannins and was once used to tan leather. Its stalks are usually red and the autumn foliage is brilliant red. It is brown to reddish brown in color. Wood Species. Light to very heavy patterns running  perpendicular to normal grain orientation. Thank You for considering us for all your hardwood needs! The company's filing status is listed as Active and its File Number is 553892.The company's principal address is 2 Kenalcom Drive, Phoenixville, Chester 19460. As always, if you don't see what you want, give us a call1.877.232.3915, we can get what you need! The sinuses or indentations between the lobes form sharp "Vs" on red maple leaves. The company's filing status is listed as Active and its File Number is 2739513.The company's principal address is 187 Plank Rd Shinglehouse, Potter PA-16. Shop the Selection. Uses for white oak are similar to northern red oak, except it is also excellent for outside applications, barrels, and ships. It's that easy, and shipping is included! 5.5”-8”) and random length (avg. The foliage and twigs have a distinctive sour odor and bitter taste. We stock 19 species, most of which are native to Pennsylvania. High end furniture, cabinets, interior millwork, musical instruments, paneling, flooring, American Black Cherry, Choke Cherry, Rum Cherry, Whiskey Cherry, Wild Cherry, Will machine easily, but has tendency to fuzz up at times. There are many uses for the light-colored sugar maple wood. In autumn, foliage turns red, orange, or yellow. They are mostly grouped on short branches at the ends of large branches. The leaflets are finely saw-toothed on their edges and pointed on the end. Northern red oak, commonly called "red oak" and "gray oak," is an abundant Pennsylvania species and the second most economically valuable. common uses of each lumber variety that we stock. See below for photos, common characteristics, and The dark-gray bark of white ash has "diamond furrows" that are pointed on the ends. Pecky Wood. Virginia Hard Wood Lumber Company is a Pennsylvania Domestic Business Corporation filed on January 1, 1908. The bud remains on the branch. Reliable wood identification usually re-quires the ability to recognize basic differences in cellular structure and wood anatomy. It is often made into veneer. The fruit is a small, dark purple cherry (birds and other wildlife species relish it). Common Uses: Barrels, buckets, tool handles, furniture (especially Quartered or Rift grain). Wood of a particular species can be identi-fied by its unique features. View our privacy policy. Its simple, alternate leaves have a pointed football shape with saw-toothed edges. A simple leaf has two main parts. Its wood and veneer uses include high-quality furniture, cabinets, paneling, moldings, construction, coffins, and floors. Wood … Highly resistant to the  environment, very hard, may be a bit more color consistent than Red Oak. Lycoming county is in the “green phase” and we have our doors open for business! People often want to learn how to identify trees. Ardsley Hard Wood Floor Company is a Pennsylvania Domestic Fictitious Name filed on November 12, 1924. Entering your postal code will help us provide news or event updates for your area. Specialty furniture (Shaker and Mission styles), striking trim, flooring and paneling, Flame, Fiddle Back, Tiger Strip (usually denoting the intensity of the pattern), : Red to deep reddish brown heartwood, white to yellowish sapwood, : Medium weight, moderately hard, stiff and strong, Wavy patterns  running perpendicular to the normal grain orientation, Machine slowly to avoid chip out of grain. 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